Japanese particle (last part)

Particle 'de' (で)  is used in sentences that involve movement or location, one of its common used is to show what kind of vehicle used to reach destination


電車   (で)   東京   (へ)   行きます
Densha    (de)    Toukyou    (e )    ikimasu          [I go to Tokyo by train]

Another usage is used to show location of an event
デパート   (で)   シャツ   (を)   買います
Depaato    (de)    shatsu    (o)    kau              [Buy a shirt at a department store]



 While particle 'to' (と) is used exactly same as 'and' in English

私   (は)   寿司   (と)   卵   (が)   好き   です
Watashi    (wa)    sushi    (to)    tamago    (ga)    suki   desu      [I like sushi and egg]


Particle 'ya' (や) also have a same function like partile 'to' but particle 'to' is used more frequently than particle 'ya'. However there still many other particle in Japanese but I won't explain them yet because

those particle used as a preposition or verbs in other language. Any additional info please give me a comment :)

Japanese particle (part 2)

Particle 'wo' used as an object marker, while particle 'ni' used to emphasis time or location. Particle ni also can be use to describe purpose. For example in a sentence 'Mr. Mario gives a letter to Mrs. Maria' it is written as 'マリオさん (は) マリアさん (に) 手紙 (を) 送る'. Below is more example involving particle 'wo' and 'ni', you can do self study by detrmine the meaning of sentence below through identifying the particle.

京子さん (は) 日本語 (を) 勉強します

kyoko san         (wa)       nihongo        (wo)         benkyoshimasu

賢治さん (は) 東京 (に) 行きます

kenji san        (wa)         toukyou          (wo)        ikimasu

Particle 'no' means 'of' for example 'テニス   の   王子' means prince of tennis or 'John Carter of Virginia' is written as 'Virginia no John Carter' in Japanese. 'スペード   の   キング' means 'king of spade'. Particle 'no' also could bring posession for example you want to mention that something is yours. I give you one example:

これ (は) 私 (の) 車 です

  kore    (wa)   watashi    (no)    kuruma    desu  

Particle 'へ' pronounced as 'e' is used after a things that being transfered or moved. Alternatively we also can apply particle 'ni' instead of particle 'e'.

東京 (へ) 行きます

  toukyou    (e)    ikimasu

東京 (に) 行きます

  toukyou     (ni)    ikimasu

Other particle will be discuss in the next chapter. Any additional info or correction please give a comment, please 

Japanese particle (part 1)

Hello again, konnichiwa. We will learn about particle for today which this element doesn't exist in all languages I know. Some languages have a term of active and passive sentences, that determine that who is a topic marker in a sentences. But in Japanese they use particle to determine that. Here are some example of particle that can be found easily in a sentences: は が を へ に の で and many more. And particle is located at the end of a word or subject.

Particle "wa" (は) marks the topic of the sentence and the particle "ga" (が) marks the subject of the sentence. I'll give you one example:

"私  (は)  アニメ  (が)  大好き" (watashi wa anime ga daisuki)

example above means "I love anime", 私 is watashi (I) while アニメ  is anime that is written in katakana because anime is a foreign word (short form of animation) and 大好き is daisuki means love. particle "wo" (or "o") marks the direct object of a Japanese sentence.

私 (は) 本 (を) 三冊 読んだ (watashi wa hon o sansatsu yonda)

本= book, 三冊= three books and 読んだ= read. Other particle will be discuss in next chapter, if you have more example for above particle please put a comment, thank you.

Additional info

For additional information, vowel pronunciation for Japanese is quite different from English. For example た (ta) is pronounce as “ta” in tart. While ち(chi) is like “chi” in cheese. ふ (fu) is pronounce as foo in English but softer, sounds more like blowing a candle sound. れ (re) is pronounce as ray in English. Lastly ほ (ho) is pronounce as hoe in English. Most Asian country pronounce vowel exactly the same way like Japanese did, so they don't have problem to learn Japanese pronunciation.

However for particle を and は, it is pronounced as “o” and “wa” instead of “wo” and “ha”. One more thing that forget to mention before, One day is called ichi nichi, two days is futsuka, then mikka, yokka, itsuka, muika, nanoka, youka, kokonoka, and touka for ten days. Weird isn't it, any additional info please give a comment. :)

Self introduction

How to introduce yourself in japanese? Actually, there have many way to do so but I prefer the easiest one and commonly used. You can try like this:

"watashi wa ______ desu."

For example I want to introduce to others with name Wak, I would say "watashi wa Wak desu". watashi means "I" (formal form), "wa" is a particle (which I will elaborate it later) while desu is "is". Don't be suprise because japanese use verbs at the end of sentences. Below is a nouns that mostly used in Japanese

watashi (I)

わたし

私

formal

ore (I)

おれ

俺

very informal (sound rude if used to strangers)

boku (I)

ぼく

僕

informal (usually used by male only)

atashi (I)

あたし

informal (usually used by female only)

anata (you)

あなた

貴方, 貴男, 貴女

formal/informal (sometimes used by lover)

omae (you)

おまえ

お前

very informal (sound rude if used to strangers)

kimi (you)

きみ

君

informal

kare (he)

かれ

彼

formal (neutral) and informal (boyfriend)

kanojo (she)

かのじょ

彼女

formal (neutral) and informal (girlfriend)

To say a nouns that represents many people usually add tachi 達 (たち) at the back. For example 私達 watashi-tachi (we), あなた達 anata-tachi (you many), 彼女たち kanojo-tachi (they female), 君たち kimi-tachi (you many) and many more. If you have more example, don't bother to give a comment.

Japanese number

Now we learn a little bit about number, like other number, we use arabic's binary number system, but the character is chinese kanji character, however for complex number usually is display using normal number, for example 20,000,000 is written also as 20,000,000.

漢字 - Kanji	ひらがな - Hiragana	Romaji (English Letters)	English Meaning
一	いち	ichi	one
二	に	ni	two
三	さん	san	three
四	し、よん	shi/yon	four
五	ご	go	five
六	ろく	roku	six
七	しち、なな	shichi/nana	seven
八	はち	hachi	eight
九	きゅう	kyuu	nine
十	じゅう	juu	ten
百	ひゃく	hyaku	hundred



漢字 - Kanji	ひらがな - Hiragana	Romaji (English Letters)	English Meaning
一時	いちじ	ichiji	one o'clock
二時	にじ	niji	two o'clock
二時半	にじはん	nijihan	two thirty (半 means half)
二時四十五分	にじよんじゅうごふん	nijiyonjuugofun	2:45 (分 means minute)

漢字 - Kanji	ひらがな - Hiragana	Romaji (English Letters)	English Meaning
一月	いちがつ	ichigatsu	January
二月	にがつ	nigatsu	February
三月	さんがつ	sangatsu	March
四月	しがつ	shigatsu	April

If you see in the first table, I only put number until 10 then jump to 100 because number after that is written by combining a number from 1 to 10. For example 十一 (じゅういち, juuichi), 12 - juuni, 13 - juusan, 14 - juuyon, etc. 20 is simply 二十 (にじゅう, nijuu), 21 - nijuuichi. So as the time and month, they will follow such pattern. While below is how japanese describe days

漢字 - Kanji	ひらがな - Hiragana	Romaji (English Letters)	English Meaning
日曜日	にちようび	nichiyoubi	Sunday (日 - sun/day)
月曜日	げつようび	getsuyoubi	Monday (月 - moon)
火曜日	かようび	kayoubi	Tuesday (火 - fire)
水曜日	すいようび	suiyoubi	Wednesday (水 - water)
木曜日	もくようび	mokuyoubi	Thursday (木 - tree/wood)
金曜日	きんようび	kinyoubi	Friday (金 - gold)
土曜日	どようび	doyoubi	Saturday (土 - dirt)
今日	きょう	kyou	Today
明日	あした	ashita	Tomorrow
昨日	きのう	kinou	Yesterday
一昨日	おととい	ototoi	the day before yesterday
明後日	あさって	asatte	the day after tomorrow (a small "tsu" (っ) makes a double consonant)
今朝	けさ	kesa	this morning
今晩	こんばん	konban	this evening
今	いま	ima	now

If you have more example, you can put a comment:)